English Food Deserts Ms. Mulligan


https://www.commonlit.org/en/assignments/food-deserts-3628302/student_assignment

Food deserts cause serious problems across many parts of the United States, leading Americans to struggle with unhealthy eating habits and obesity. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, almost 37% of Americans suffer from obesity, which means being overweight to a degree that affects a person’s health. Even though they are aware of this growing problem, many families face serious challenges when it comes to maintaining a healthy diet.
 As you read, take notes on the factors that cause food deserts.
 
ASSIGNMENT IN PROGRESS FOR 8th Grade ELA: A Day Due November 29, 2019

Food Deserts

by Jessica McBirney

2017

Font Size
Food deserts cause serious problems across many parts of the United States, leading Americans to struggle with unhealthy eating habits and obesity. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, almost 37% of Americans suffer from obesity, which means being overweight to a degree that affects a person’s health. Even though they are aware of this growing problem, many families face serious challenges when it comes to maintaining a healthy diet.
 As you read, take notes on the factors that cause food deserts.

What is a food desert?

A food desert is an area or neighborhood where people, for various reasons, have limited access to fresh, whole, and healthy foods. Everyone has a slightly different definition of food deserts, but a lot of people tend to use the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) definition: “in urban food deserts, a significant percentage of the neighborhood’s residents live more than one mile away from a fresh food provider such as a supermarket or farmer’s market; in rural
areas, a food desert must be at least ten miles away from a fresh food source.”

Why Do Food Deserts Exist?

The reasons for food deserts vary widely depending on location. One of the most common reasons is a simple lack of fresh food vendors
in an area. Living one mile away from a grocery store may not seem very far, but in urban areas where many families, especially low-income families, do not own a vehicle, a one-mile hike to and from the grocery store is not practical or efficient. Instead, people buy their food from fast-food restaurants or small convenience stores, which have less selection and a greater amount of packaged and processed foods.
Average income is another significant factor. Food deserts most often occur in low-income neighborhoods, largely because healthy food is more expensive than packaged food. Since 1989, the price of fresh foods has increased dramatically, while processed foods have only become more affordable. For these reasons, the USDA also takes affordability of fresh food into account when determining whether an area is a food desert.
Rural food deserts are quite different from those in urban areas. Supermarkets are even harder to access for low-income families because everything is spread far apart in rural areas. Additionally, supermarkets in rural areas struggle because they often do not have enough customers to purchase fresh food in bulk. This causes food to be more expensive for grocery stores and for consumers. 

What are the Consequences?

The lack of fresh food that results from living in a food desert poses significant health risks. Fast food and processed foods have a lot more calories per meal than fresh, whole foods. People who eat fast food twice a week are almost twice as likely to face obesity than people who eat it only once a week. Those who do not have access to plant-based, nutrient-rich foods are much more likely to suffer from obesity, heart disease, and type-2 diabetes. Living in a food desert can be dangerous for your health!
Moreover, buying packaged foods is more expensive overall. Vegetables are actually cheaper per calorie than fast food, but the up-front costs
are higher. Additionally, because convenience stores are usually much smaller than supermarkets and often independently-run, their products are more expensive than they would be at a larger grocery store. 

What Can We Do?

Former First Lady Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move! campaign, beginning in 2009, was one of the first programs to bring the problem of food deserts to national attention. As part of her goal to end childhood obesity, Obama encouraged the national government and individual communities to address the problem of access to fresh food. Here are some of the solutions people have developed:
Expanding supermarket access — perhaps one of the most obvious solutions is to give supermarket chains more incentives
to build branches in low-income, underserved neighborhoods. Local governments could give them tax breaks in exchange for building a new store.
Community gardens — one very local solution is the expansion of community gardens. Community gardens are plots of land set aside by city governments for residents to plant and maintain their own fruit and vegetable plants. These gardens allow families to grow their own healthy food (which is often cheaper than buying it), and they bring communities together to cooperate and make new friends.
Transportation reform — particularly in rural food deserts, getting to the supermarket is impossible for many people. Government programs like Meals on Wheels
or private charities can drive people to the grocery store or deliver fresh foods right to their homes.
Increased safety — urban areas usually have reliable public transportation, but in some food deserts people are unwilling to go to a supermarket because they do not feel safe. Decreasing crime in these areas can make families more comfortable walking or riding the bus to the grocery store.
Changing convenience stores — private charities or local governments can also give financial support to convenience stores that want to sell more fresh foods. People prefer to shop in stores where they already feel comfortable, so if existing convenience stores can provide more fresh foods in place of their packaged foods, low-income families are more likely to take advantage of those healthy options. 

Food Deserts: Not the Whole Story

While the solutions to food deserts around the country have been highly innovative
in the last several years, it is important to note that food deserts are not the main factor in unhealthy eating habits and obesity. In fact, researchers have found that even when fresh food access is expanded through one or more of these programs, people’s eating habits do not change much. Researchers are still trying to figure out why this is the case. It could be that people do not want to change their shopping habits by going to a new, larger supermarket that overwhelms new customers with options; it could be that people do not want or do not know how to switch to eating healthier foods all the time.
Obesity and unhealthy eating habits are much more closely tied to poverty than to food deserts, and while no one has fully explained why this is the case, many argue that in addition to expanding access to fresh foods, governments and charities must address the problem of poverty directly in order to improve health outcomes.
“Food Deserts” by Jessica McBirney. Copyright © 2017 by CommonLit, Inc. This text is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
Notes
1. The United States Department of Agriculture is responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, agriculture, forestry, and food.
2. Urban (adjective) : relating to, typical of, or being in a city
3. Rural (adjective) : relating to the country, country life, or agriculture
4. Vendor (noun) : someone who sells a good or service
5. Up-front costs are one-time expenses that one has to pay before the desired purchases can be made.
6. Incentive (noun) : money, goods, or services offered to encourage people to make certain choices or behave in a certain way
7. Meals on Wheels is a program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals.
8. Innovative (adjective) : introducing or using new ideas

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

English Wednesday work Raymond's Run